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The Bell Founders of Borden, by Helen Allinson |
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Bells were cast in the
parish of Borden during the seventeenth century over a period of some twenty
years. Henry and John Wilnar arrived in the village in the early years of
the century and set up a thriving business They were not born in the parish
and the name is not a Borden family name. |
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The Wilnars worked at Oad
Street, where in 1959 what is believed to be their casting pit was
discovered by Mr. Eddie Barton. He was ploughing Boundary Field, which is on
Woodgate Farm to the west of Munsgore and north of Woodgate Farm House. He
came to a slight hollow which made him think of the story he had been told
as a boy by a very old man. The story went that the devil in a fit of anger
had thrown a bell from Milton church tower and it had fallen to the earth in
Boundary Field, making a hole. As Eddie Barton ploughed, he found that the
soil in the hollow was of a different colour from that of the rest of the
field. He discovered pieces of iron conglomerate which he took to Maidstone
Museum. They now have no record of this, but the site was recorded at the
time by the ordnance survey. There was a well nearby, which Mr Barton
covered or capped, and a bank of pure sand. In the Wilnars' time there would
also have been plenty of timber.
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The first bell
definitely known to be the work of one of the Wilnars was dated 1618 and
was made for Graveney church. John Wilnar was an excellent craftsman and
his bells were finely cast and well-proportioned and so had a good tone.
The lettering on the bells was ‘John Wilnar Made me,’ together with the
date. The lettering was in Roman capitals formed by placing cut-out
parchment letters into the mould.
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Due to the state of the
roads and the difficulty of transporting large objects at this period, many
of the bells would have been cast in the parish which had ordered them.
Newchurch on Romney Marsh was one of these and parts of bell moulds and
deposit of bell metal were discovered in the churchyard some years ago; John
Wilnar made four bells for that parish. The tenor bell that he made for
Cowden was another which was not cast at Borden. The indenture or agreement
signed by John Wilnar in 1635 at Cowden still exists. It shows that he was
paid £6 for the bell and that he guaranteed its quality for a year:- ‘hath
warrented ye said bell to continue tunable and unbroken by ye space of one
whole year. If therefore ye said bell shall continue and be a good and
tunable bell according to musicall harmony..’
In fact the bell is still in
use at Cowden. The indenture shows that it was not cast there but at Ightham
in 1620 in ‘Ye furnace or casting place.’ Ightham is at some distance from
Cowden. It does not appear to be an obvious location. It could have been the
nearest place where he had an old furnace-pit that he could re-activate.
Perhaps the bell was transported on the River Eden to Cowden? |
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Records show that a John
Wilnar was born at Ightham in 1594, son of John Wilnar. He would have
been the correct age to be starting up in business on his own by 1618.
Wilnar is a rare surname and, as far as can be ascertained, there are no
other Wilnar baptisms in Kent at this period. We may assume that John
was born at Ightham. It could be that he was also trained there by
Stephen Swan. Swan had made bells for many parishes between 1609 and
1614 including Challock, Darenth and West Peckham. My search of the
Ightham parish register has revealed the marriage of a Stephen Swan
there in 1613 and so everything points to the Wilnars growing up in
Ightham and being trained in their craft by their neighbour Swan.
John Wilnar was buried
at Borden in May, 1640, thereafter Henry Wilnar, probably his brother,
carried on the business. His workmanship was equally good and in the
year of his death, 1644, he was paid £32 for casting five bells for St.
Mary the Virgin, in Sandwich. Only four of his bells now survive; at
Eastry and Challock in Kent and Berwick and Pett in Sussex. So bell
founding ceased in Borden in 1644 when Henry joined his brother at rest
in Borden churchyard, and after ‘the Widdow Wilnor’ was buried in
1649, no further members of the family appear in the registers.
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Sixty-one of John Wilnar's
bells survive, six in Sussex, three in Essex, one in Surrey, and the
remainder in Kent, widely scattered from neighbouring Bredgar and Milton
clock towers, to Ivychurch in the south and Addington in the west.
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